Writing a Sample Essay About Friendship

<h1>Writing a Sample Essay About Friendship</h1><p>Writing an example story paper about fellowship can be incredibly valuable in ensuring that your work will be sufficient to be acknowledged. Be that as it may, there are a couple of tips you should remember when composing a story article on companionship. When composing the example article, keep it as sensible as could be expected under the circumstances. What's more, make sure to make the data specific.</p><p></p><p>It is critical to have a subject when composing an account article about kinship. While this doesn't mean it must be explicit, it will assist you with accomplishing a decent establishment for your composition. For instance, you may decide to expound on the need of kinship, or the advantages of having a companion in secondary school. On the off chance that you can incorporate a fundamental plan to give setting, this will make it simpler to compose the example paper. Also, on the o ff chance that you are given a few unique points to expound on, you will have a superior thought of what sort of paper you ought to write.</p><p></p><p>As well, don't attempt to go excessively far off of the fundamental topic. For instance, on the off chance that you were gotten some information about a contention between two individuals, do exclude from your anecdote about the cause of the contention. Try not to remember subtleties of the contention for the initial section. What's more, don't overstate or include subtleties without sufficient foundation information.</p><p></p><p>There are a few components you should consider when composing a story exposition about companionship. The first is the composing style. You ought to have a genuinely basic and direct style to your essay.</p><p></p><p>It is additionally essential to think about how to structure your paper. To begin, remember your subject and your essenti al concentration for the main section. You ought to have the option to locate some repeating themes to work with now. At that point, continue to weave your subject through the remainder of the essay.</p><p></p><p>Next, you should consider what sort of article you will need to compose. Will you utilize your article as a theory articulation? Okay need to incorporate supporting realities? OK need to incorporate anecdotal or true to life data? When you comprehend what your paper will comprise of, you will be better ready to pick the arrangement you might want to compose in.</p><p></p><p>Finally, ensure that you are observing the entirety of the principles of sentence structure and utilization. For instance, on the off chance that you are composing an account paper about a young lady's life, you ought to abstain from utilizing numerous descriptors and should ensure you are utilizing every single capital letter. Whenever you read an example paper on companionship, you will have the option to follow the correct arrangement and composing style. Regardless of whether you are not presenting a story paper on fellowship, you can at present keep in touch with one all alone. You can utilize these example papers as a manual for where you should start to compose your own.</p><p></p><p>Writing an example article about companionship can be testing. This is the reason you ought to consistently ensure you have some data accessible before you start. By following the rules referenced here, you will have the option to make an extraordinary paper on the theme, and make sure to keep away from huge numbers of the entanglements that can prompt an inadequately composed essay.</p>

The Newly Leaked Secret to Informative Explanatory Essay Topics Uncovered

<h1> The Newly Leaked Secret to Informative Explanatory Essay Topics Uncovered </h1> <p>There are different sorts of exposition and they require the particular layout. On the off chance that your article has all the earmarks of being rough, right mix-ups with the help of change words and expressions. To lay it out plainly, a descriptive paper investigates all points of a particular subject in an offer to show the crowd something they may not know. It intends to illuminate perusers about some subject with strong proof. Explanatory expositions are moreover a great choice of kind. Most existing apart from everything else, informative expositions are introduced by offering a scope of points and techniques to raise the thought. </p> <h2> Where to Find Informative Explanatory Essay Topics </h2> <p>In a wide range of exposition, consistently make certain each bit of your article underpins your proposal articulation. As descriptive papers ought to be scholarly reviews that are generally about verifiable subtleties whose cases are upheld with dependable confirmations, it's normally comprehended that the papers should be written in a manner they can without much of a stretch be comprehended by the perusers. They give a superior comprehension of a specific subject. </p> <h2> The Meaning of Informative Explanatory Essay Topics</h2> <p>Essay composing gives loads of advantages to understudies in the academe. While an interpretive exposition should be clear and brief, it might likewise be vivacious and locks in. There are a few strategies about how to make an informative exposition. </p> <p>From that point, you're set up to draft your theory and presentation. What's more, a postulation shouldn't be one sentence. A solid proposal isn't required. The absolute first thing you should make a generally excellent postulation is you should make sense of your essential contentions, which you've done while d ealing with your point. </p> <h2> A Secret Weapon for Informative Explanatory Essay Topics</h2> <p>The decision should be a development produced using the last hardly any sections. It ought to be utilized to rehash the theme you have decided to investigate and sum up the entirety of the primary concerns you have talked about. The choice of your article must be viable and sensible. </p> <h2> What You Need to Know About Informative Explanatory Essay Topics </h2> <p>Since the postulation proclamation drives the rest of the paper, it's significant it very well may be effortlessly upheld with realities. Remember that, paying little heed to the thought, it needs to harken back to your theory articulation. The postulation articulation is amazingly pivotal. A decent proposition explanation adds to a decent article. </p> <p>Each section should be limited to the article of one general thought. Additionally recollect that it should st art with a point sentence. Supporting sections should manage postulation explanation. To most of individuals, body sections are the sole segments of the paper that issue. </p> <p>you must form your paper in objective and unprejudiced manner. In the event that you wish to end the paper with a BANG! You might want your paper to be seen, which means you don't wish to pick the easy subject and have your paper mirror precisely the same thing each one's paper does. </p> <p>Frequently, people become energized over including new information, making a muddled paper liberated from bearing, so chop down should you have to. Hence, you're ready to effectively accumulate data and present different perspectives on the subject. What procures the data trustworthy, and the explanation it is significant when identified with the difficult you're clarifying. </p>

Research Paper Cover Sheets - How To Make Them Easy To Understand

Research Paper Cover Sheets - How To Make Them Easy To UnderstandA investigate paper spread sheet is one of the most significant things that an understudy can submit for school. It might appear to be somewhat paltry to be stressed over it, however you ought to never be making changes to your paper without first placing some idea into it. Your schoolmates and educator will take a gander at your paper diversely on the off chance that you do a messy job.Do you ever wonder why a few instructors like to re-request their papers before they give them out? This is really a major sign that your educator feels there are things they need to find in your paper that you may have missed. I've heard a ton of gossipy tidbits about a specific educator stopped the class' last draft, which means he would just permit certain understudies to re-request the papers.These easily overlooked details can truly have any kind of effect by they way you do when you're composing papers for tests. I know a companion who maintained changing the control of her passages over until she at last understood that it was basically easing back her down. There was an entire section missing that was intended to reveal to her where the two pieces of the work connected.No one needs to surge or rework their work. In any case, here and there this simply is beyond the realm of imagination. Imagine a scenario where you are making some hard memories assembling a segment or two since you simply don't have a clue how to do it. The exact opposite thing you need to do is pass on a paper essentially in light of the fact that you didn't have the opportunity to figure it out.For model, in your own exploration paper spread sheet, possibly you thought of something that you were unable to articulate yourself. There might be a couple of sentences that don't have any genuine significance to you. You may not have the option to set your contention in an on the right track forward fashion.Whatever you're battling with is likel y going to be the most hard to think of and you can be certain that you'll be put off by an odd sentence. However, perhaps you would prefer not to compose the paper, yet you would prefer not to change the entire thing either. All things considered, remember that it's entirely adequate to change your exploration paper spread sheet.For model, you might need to transform it to a bigger textual style to work out the substance in a simpler to understand way. In case you're battling with it, have a go at transforming it to a progressively intelligible text style. Many individuals who experience difficulty perusing content don't need to stress over this issue, so it shouldn't be excessively difficult to adapt.Another change you might need to consider is disposing of your examination paper spread sheet out and out. Simply expel the foundation designs, at that point change the header and get out the various segments as you see fit. You might be amazed at how simple that is.

How to Write a Topic Proposal For Classical Argument Paper

How to Write a Topic Proposal For Classical Argument PaperA number of students often think that how to write a topic proposal for classical argument paper is not a tough job at all. They usually expect to just write about a single topic in the course and that's all they need to do.The fact is that these students have never studied mathematics in high school or college and it is impossible for them to do a dissertation on a single topic. Of course, most high school students also fail to realize that they will also need to do a research about all the topics presented in the course. This means that they should definitely be prepared to do an analysis and research about all the topics presented in the course before writing their paper.An essay is nothing but an analysis and a description of your main point or topic. It is impossible for a student to write a topic proposal without doing such an analysis. However, a student has to first understand what is required of him in order to create a topic proposal. This is why students should always keep in mind that how to write a topic proposal for classical argument paper will depend mainly on the type of topic he has to write.First of all, he should know about the subject he has to write. To do this, he should read about the subject. He should also do some research about the subject and learn something about it. For instance, if he is writing about a law, he should know everything about it.Once he knows something about the subject, he should then understand the subject. He should know everything about it. As a result, he will understand the main points of the topic.Then, he should consider all the different points that could be used to make his paper a better one. Each of the points will not only serve as a question but also serve as a way to make the main points of the topic clearer and simpler. Then, he should try to find some examples of other topics which are similar to the topic he has to write.He should also look f or some similarities among the topics that he has to write. In order to find the similarities, he should compare the topics with the others present in the course. From that, he can then find the similarities and then use those examples.Writing how to write a topic proposal for classical argument paper is quite easy if you know how to compare topics. If you do not know how to compare topics, you can hire a service that will do the comparison for you. However, you should always do some research in order to make sure that the service is offering the best results for you.

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Feminism Research Paper Topics

<h1>If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Feminism Research Paper Topics </h1> <p>Conventional woman's rights adopts a win or bust strategy and wouldn't like to have the uniqueness of ladies to be considered. Hypotheses are created in different controls to verify that they react to specific issues, for instance the social development of sex alongside sex. </p> <h2> Vital Pieces of Feminism Research Paper Topics </h2> <p>To verify that your paper doesn't segregate anybody, endeavor to envision that you're perusing it to the blended crowd of special sexual orientations. Regardless of whether a specific research paper subject is getting bunches of buzz right now or different people appear to be keen on expounding on it, don't feel enticed to make it your theme on the off chance that you don't truly have some kind of enthusiasm for it moreover. There have been times where understudies use insignificant words as an approach to intrig ue the teacher yet end up losing there scores. To form a phenomenal contentious article the understudies initially should examine a few sides of the contention, permitting them to make an informed position. </p> <h2>What Feminism Research Paper Topics Is - and What it Is Not </h2> <p>For a few understudies, a decision of point is the most effortless part. It is useful even in the occasion the examination is very like your own sentiments. Likewise, a client may solicit the author to submit part from the activity for audit and, if necessary, request that her or him make amendments. Thus, you should be mindful and demanding on the period of the theme choice! </p> <p>It's very hard to pick what you wish to expound on, as human science concentrates heaps of angles and has a lot of themes to talk about, anyway we may furnish you with some of the subjects to select to expound on in your examination paper on social science. Following are a couple of the r ecommended humanism paper point for those understudies that can't pick an incredible theme for their task. You may consistently look for your educators help since the individual in question is going to assist you with choosing the perfect subject and will likewise advise you how to approach doing it. In this manner, you should give certain components in the acquaintance itself that is likely with make the instructors snared onto the subject. </p> <p>Argumentative paper themes are so significant since they are debatableand it's essential to consistently be basically thinking about our general surroundings. It's critical to choose begging to be proven wrong factious exposition themes since you need contradicting focuses you could counter to your own focuses. Moral contentious exposition themes are a couple of the most straightforward to lose it with. Late contentious article points that are identified with society is going to do.</p> <h2>Feminism Research Paper Topics Features </h2> <p>Instead of just quickly expounding on your pugnacious exposition theme, you should initially consider what it is that you are probably going to return on your paper through a methodology of conceptualizing and pre-composing. In this way, you've understood that you're set up to form your exploration paper. Without an appropriate substance, prevalent research paper themes don't bode well. Pugnacious research paper them es are significantly less difficult to track down than to create. </p> <p>Once you have finished composing the entire paper, it is important to check for mistakes in the substance. An exposition about woman's rights can be drawn nearer from a few sides, and particular subjects can transform into an establishment for this kind of scholarly papers. The article end up being an academic paper, and thoroughness must be kept up. In the occasion the word is sufficiently direct, perhaps it doesn't require over a passage or two to legitimize the term use. </p> <h2>Up in Arms About Feminism Research Paper Topics? </h2> <p>Furthermore, the tips can assist you with creating the paper proficiently without a great deal of exertion. Everybody might want to make awesome papers, get the best checks, and get the remaining of a persevering understudy. Get rid of pressure and potential errors with scholarly papers. </p> <h2> Where to Find Feminism Research Paper Topics</h2> <p>Bear as a main priority that points need to become inquire about inquiries in order to discover data and create an extraordinary paper. You may consistently win a rundown of point that you trust you want to get and afterward individually begin searching for important material for precisely the same. Additionally, be certain the subjects give sufficient possibility to getting information. Choosing an easy point may end up being an inaccurate track since you may experience issues finding valid sources to help your views.</p>

Achieving Results With Persuasive Essay Topics

<h1>Achieving Results With Persuasive Essay Topics</h1><p>There are an assortment of 3-page influential paper subjects to browse, and the most ideal approach to limit your rundown is to choose what you need to state and how you will convey the desired information. After you've picked your subject, the following activity is to pick a layout that will assist you with sorting out your composing aptitudes and assist you with distinguishing the key messages you will be attempting to convey.</p><p></p><p>Now that you have an imaginative paper theme as a top priority, it's an ideal opportunity to begin composing. Your theme can be as protracted or as short as you need, however first you have to choose what position you will require. For the vast majority, word handling programming is an ideal solution.</p><p></p><p>Keep at the top of the priority list that you will compose the article for a class task. That implies you will n eed to design your article in like manner. Pick a word processor that lets you include headers, notes, references, and projectiles. Composing an exposition isn't hard, however it takes practice to consummate your craft.</p><p></p><p>There are an assortment of free apparatuses to assist you with arranging your theme. A decent programming project will permit you to produce subjects and spare them as formats so you can undoubtedly get to them later.</p><p></p><p>If you have to make a theme without any preparation, you can utilize word layouts that incorporate a framework, important data, and a rundown of visual cues to help you in filling in the fundamental data. These formats are anything but difficult to print off and keep. You can likewise store your theme in a word processor for future reference.</p><p></p><p>One significant note about arranging your expositions is that you should utilize a predictable text sty le all through the whole archive. On the off chance that you utilize various textual styles all through, the peruser will notice and this could meddle with your message.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous assets accessible to you when choosing your enticing exposition themes. The key is to figure out how to compose viable articles, and afterward utilize the assets to assist you with beginning. After you've settled on your subject, it's simply an issue of finding the correct arrangement for you and ensure that you position your article properly.</p>

How to Write a Diagnostic Essay

How to Write a Diagnostic EssayFor those students who are looking for tips on how to write a diagnostic essay, there are samples of a diagnostic essay available to them. A diagnostic essay is essentially a summary of a student's personal background that is compared to an issue at hand. The purpose of the essay is to get across a point with only a few paragraphs of information, which is often the equivalent of what is offered in a lengthy research paper.The key to writing diagnostic essays is in how the writer uses the two major types of information available to students: personal and research. Personal information is what most people have a lot of. This type of information can be anything from a parent's name, a favorite color, a funny story, or even just about anything that a student may possess.If you do not possess personal information, then you will need to find the sources you need to give the reader a complete picture of the student. Often times, a short synopsis of the events of the day will suffice. Just remember to keep it to a minimum so that the reader doesn't get too attached to the information. In order to use personal information, you must also be able to present it in such a way that the student can relate to it without putting him or herself on the spot.If you are unable to source material that will give you the information you need, then another option is to go with a research essay. This is very similar to personal information and the only difference is that the research will be compiled as a personal note. It can also be a piece of a longer personal account.A sample of a diagnostic essay usually consists of a brief synopsis of the day's events and, eventually, what the student learned from this experience. The purpose of the essay is to provide the reader with a sense of the student's personality. It will also allow the reader to see if he or she has a unique perspective on the topic at hand. It is important that you allow the reader to inter pret the article as you would like them to.In order to write a diagnostic essay, you must also understand the topic at hand. As you gain information from your sources, you should be able to write more concisely as you read the information. For example, you might be able to gather information in a few paragraphs, but if the student has nothing to say, it will take longer to write.Sample of a diagnostic essay can be found all over the Internet. The best place to look is on-line. A sample of a diagnostic essay is usually found online.Hopefully, you now have some pointers on how to write a diagnostic essay. You can also find sample essays in many places on-line.

Essay Writing Topics For Grade 10 Students

<h1>Essay Writing Topics For Grade 10 Students</h1><p>There are numerous acceptable article composing points for grade 10 understudies to use for their expositions. It isn't sufficient that an understudy composes the exposition and afterward offers it to the teacher. The understudies must accomplish something beyond present their thoughts and solutions.</p><p></p><p>One of the primary subjects that any secondary school understudy ought to think about composing an article on is the impact of innovation on society. Consider giving a concise clarification with respect to why you accept thusly and how you might want to utilize your article to impact others around there. The best themes to use in an exposition for the most part include social issues. Subsequently, you should consider utilizing social issues as your exposition topic.</p><p></p><p>When looking at the inquiry, what is innovation, it tends to be seen that innov ation has changed the manner in which individuals work, live, and play. It has additionally changed the manner in which people see the world. Before, innovation was constantly valuable and important. Today, nonetheless, innovation has some terrible reactions that society is managing with.</p><p></p><p>One of the best exposition composing subjects for grade 10 understudies to utilize is that of the headway of science and innovation. This is a fascinating point for understudies to compose on the grounds that it depends on recent developments and the manner in which science and innovation is going in the public eye. In the event that you are keen on composing a paper on this subject, at that point you have to consolidate a touch of social analysis into the article. You additionally need to ensure that you don't maintain a strategic distance from any topic identified with innovation, however rather you need to blend the two in with a touch of social analysis to c over all sides of the issue.</p><p></p><p>If you are in your own occasion, at that point you can incorporate your closely-held conviction and convictions. On the off chance that you are composing a paper for a class task, at that point you should explain to your assessment of why innovation is so hazardous. This is like a political debateor as a group of people at a political assembly. A few understudies additionally think that its intriguing to compose and present a paper regarding the matter of AIDS and the issues that the AIDS patients are encountering a result of the HIV virus.</p><p></p><p>This is the place a standout amongst other article composing themes for grade 10 understudies to utilize is that of online suppositions and remarks. You can undoubtedly look at different online discussions or news stories that discussion about the subject of how a few famous people's perspectives on specific points might be in opposition to the perspective on different big names. This is an incredible method to compose a full-length paper. You will get an opportunity to tell your perspective from both sides.</p><p></p><p>Writing a full-length exposition can be somewhat confounding on the off chance that you are attempting to do it on an alternate theme. At the point when you are doing the paper, the data should be identified with what the educator is requesting. You would prefer not to get it stirred up. You should keep the entirety of your understudies center around the principle subject and this will assist them with seeing how the exposition ought to be written.</p>

How to Find the Essay Topics For College Students

How to Find the Essay Topics For College StudentsBefore starting any assignment, you need to find a list of essay topics for college students. If you already have the required information, this is not necessary. However, if you don't know the right topics for college essays, it is important to look around before looking for a list.Your professor may give you a list of topics, such as what type of students you need to write for or get an education. You may also receive this list from the college counselor. However, this information is only a suggestion, and you do not have to use it. If you find a topic that you enjoy and is an interesting subject to discuss, then you may choose it.Finding the right essay topics for college is all about finding what is important to you. Are you looking for a subject that will interest you? Is it something that you want to write about as part of your education?Once you have found a topic that you like, you need to find out how to cover the topic. Since you are already learning what to write about, you will not need to study and learn more on the topic. Instead, you can find resources to help you write the essay.The best way to find the topic for your essay is to search the Internet. There are several websites that offer lists of topics that you can use for your academic writing assignment. These lists are not always perfect and can include any type of subject matter, but the lists can provide you with some great ideas.What makes these lists a bit better than using a list of the colleges you are studying at or that the college students you know are writing, is that these lists contain key words or phrases that are used by college students. These words and phrases are important to be included in your essay, as they represent the subjects, perspectives, and viewpoints of those who are studying at the school. When you find the list of essay topics for college students, you will see the names of these subjects, which will give you a g reat idea of the type of writing you should be doing.Once you find the topic you like, you are ready to start writing the essay. You can find writing guides that will help you out. Some have hundreds of topics for college students. Using this kind of resource is a great idea since you will have help if you encounter any problems along the way.

The Oil And Gas Revolution - 1895 Words

INTRODUCTION The Shale gas revolution has demonstrated a quantum leap from almost nothing in 2000 to over 30 billion cubic metres in 2011. This caused a crash of natural gas prices in the United States, significantly changing the country’s natural gas future outlook (Mangeri, 2012). The US oil and gas fracking revolution is a new paradigm which has made the country a game changer in the oil and gas scheme of things, and has immense implications for economics, energy and geopolitics. It is projected that in a few years, the US will surpass Saudi Arabia as the number one oil producer worldwide, having overtaken Russia as the number one natural gas producer in 2012 (Birol, 2013). This would exert a negative pressure on global oil prices,†¦show more content†¦Shale oil operations are intensive, in that it needs wells to be drilled continuously in order to increase and maintain production. Nevertheless, a significant portion of US Shale oil at USD 50-65 per barrel is actually profitabl e, thereby rendering them unaffected by a drop in oil prices. The United States has over twenty large shale oil formations, chief of which is the Eagle Ford shale, whose boom in recent times revealed an endowment with respect to hydrocarbon, comparable to Bakken/Three Forks; which is a tight oil formation county in Montana and North Dakota. Technological advancements have grown tremendously in Shale gas operations as well as production, efficiency and well flow management (EPRINC, 2011a). These advancements have significantly crashed well drilling time by over 30%, which translates to a significant reduction in costs. The extension of fracking and horizontal drilling to conventional oil fields may well significantly turn around and increase oil production worldwide and even revive declining oil fields, as the same technologies applied to shale oil could also be applied to ramping up hydrocarbon liquids production. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE US ENERGY MARKETS The shale gas/oil revolution is poised to turn around America’s future in the energy market and boost the economy. Over the next 20 years, this would translate to millions of new jobs and a huge growth in capital expenditures. The expected drop in gas prices should crashShow MoreRelatedThe Oil And Gas Revolution1821 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION The Shale gas revolution has demonstrated a quantum leap from almost nothing in 2000 to over 30 billion cubic metres in 2011. This caused a crash of natural gas prices in the United States, significantly changing the country’s natural gas future outlook (Mangeri, 2012). The US oil and gas fracking revolution is a new paradigm which has made the country a game changer in the oil and gas scheme of things, and has immense implications for economics, energy and geopolitics. It is projectedRead MoreOil And Gas Industry During The 19th Century Industrial Revolution1583 Words   |  7 Pagesconsistency of the exchanges. The 19th century industrial revolution brought much development in instrumentation to serve the industrial needs of process variables measurement. The last few years of the 20th century (because of the new innovations and development in electronics) resulted in new instruments and measurement techniques, which are implemented in the oil and gas industry. Instrumentation and measurement are very essential in oil and gas upstream, midstream, and downstream. 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This perpetual motion requires a constant source of energy. This energy comes in the form of oil and petroleum products, products that invigorate both our cars and America’s foreign and domestic policy. Oil is king. It rules everyday life, national policy, and the fates, even the lives, of millions of people. Oil is power in the form of black liquid in a barrel. However, America does not, at the moment, have the ability to control this valuable resourceRead MoreEnergy Surrounds Humanity And Underpins Modern Life Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesfor more than a century, providing unique and beneficial attributes that have revolutionized humanity and accelerated growth in mankind’s accomplishments. Oil, coal and natural gas, are currently the world s primary energy source for transportation, and electricity. Oil is the lifeblood and backbone of the modern world. Oil comes from crude oil, which is a thick, dark, gooey fluid additionally called petroleum. 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Financial Accounting Report Policy on Stock Prices

Question: Discuss about the Financial Accounting Report for Policy on Stock Prices. Answer: Introduction The report studies the impact of profitability of the two companies on investor performance indicators selected in this report. The two companies are AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc, which are one of the big non-financial companies. Both of these companies are listed on the London stock exchange and both are pharmaceutical companies. Some analysis would be done in the following sections relating to these companies that would help to understand their profitability and their performance indicator analysis as well (Warren, Reeve and Duchac 2013). Moreover, profitability between the two companies would be compared on investor performance ratios between the two companies. Balance Sheet cum Income Statement of the Two Companies AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc from 2011 to 2014 AstraZeneca GlaxoSmithKline 2014 2013 2012 2011 2014 2013 2012 2011 Net Sales 26095 25711 27973 33591 23006 26505 26431 27387 COGS 5842 5261 6026 5393 7323 8585 7925 7332 Operating Profit 2137 3712 8148 12795 3597 7028 7392 7807 Gross Profit 20253 20450 21947 28198 15683 17920 18506 20055 Operating Expenses 787 595 970 777 12086 10892 11145 12248 Preferred Dividends 0 482 323 312 0 0 0 0 Current Assets 16697 20335 19048 23506 14678 15227 13692 16167 Current Liabilities 17330 16051 13903 15752 13295 13677 13815 15010 Total Assets 58595 55899 53534 52830 40651 42086 41475 41080 Total Liabilities 38949 32646 29588 29358 33715 34274 35665 33048 Shareholder's Equity 19646 23253 23946 23472 4936 7812 5810 8032 Net Income 1249 3267 7646 12367 2756 5436 4565 5261 Weighted Average Share Common Outstanding Shares 1263 1257 1261 1361 2404 2416 2456 2514 Price Per Share 32.185 29.78 29.09 29.75 13.76 16.1 13.55 14.65 Annual Dividends per share 280 280 280 280 800 800 740 750 The balance sheet and income statement of both the companies have combined for the relevance of the calculation of profitability and key performance indicators. Nevertheless, after looking at the balance sheet and income statement, it can be deciphered that the both the pharmaceutical industries show same level of values across years but 2014 shows a dip in values. This may be due to the change in culture and strategies. Profitability Analysis of the Companies Profitability analysis means the analysis of the profit earning capacity of the companies based on the recent results (Grant 2015). The discussion of profitability of these companies would be analyzed in a systemized way. However, the best ways to analyze the profitability are effectively recorded by net profit margin, gross profit margin, operating profit margin and return on assets. Profitability Ratios Formula Net Profit Margin Net Income/Net Sales Operating Profit Margin Net Income - COGS -operating expenses/ Net Sales ROA (Return on Assets) Net Income/ Average Total Assets Gross Profit Margin Net Income-COGS/ Net Sales Table 1 Profitability Ratios AstraZeneca Plc It is a British-Swedish pharmaceutical company. It has its headquarters in London, in the United Kingdom. It is also a multinational company and the seventh largest pharmaceutical company in the world measured by the sales of prescription drugs, in the year 2012. This company has its operations across 100 countries (Astrazeneca.co.uk 2016). It has manifested its strong existence in market by working on drugs aligned with respiratory, inflammation, autoimmune, cardiovascular, metabolic, infection, and oncology and neuroscience diseases. Having partners all across the world, AstraZeneca has a wide global reach. The brief description of its profitability is discussed as follows: Profitability Ratios 2014 2013 2012 2011 Net Profit Margin 4.79% 12.71% 27.33% 36.82% Operating Profit Margin 8.19% 14.44% 29.13% 38.09% ROA (Return on Assets) 2.182% 5.971% 14.37% 23.81% Gross Profit Margin 77.61% 79.54% 78.46% 83.95% Table 2 Profitability Ratios of AstraZeneca from 2011 to 2014 The profits examined on each of the profitability ratio has been declining drastically such that the net profit margin declined from 36.8 2% in 2011 to 4.79% in 2014. However, it followed the same pattern in sales, revenue, and the assets converted into sales (Leuz 2012). Nevertheless, its earnings forecasts are depleting which may be not good for the company as the investor would not want to invest in a company fallowing a declining trend over the years. GlaxoSmithKline Plc It is a pharmaceutical company of British origin. It has its headquarter in London. It is also a multinational company. This company was established in the year 2000. GSK was the fifth largest pharmaceutical company in the year 2015 (Gsk.com 2016). The profitability of the company can be analysed on the help of ratios taken into consideration. Profitability Ratios 2014 2013 2012 2011 Net Profit Margin 11.98% 20.51% 17.27% 19.21% Operating Profit Margin 15.64% 26.52% 27.97% 28.51% ROA (Return on Assets) 6.662% 13.011% 11.059% 12.775% Gross Profit Margin 68.17% 67.61% 70.02% 73.23% Table 3 Profitability Ratios of GlaxoSmithKline from 2011 to 2014 The GlaxoSmithKline another non-financial company and of the competitors of AstraZeneca, even shows a declining trend just like its competitor. The ratios show declining trend but not on a drastic scale. The net profit margin of the company was 19.21% in 2011, which had come down to 11.98% in 2014. The trend is followed by conversion of assets into sales; costs of goods sold as well as rise in operating expenses. Investors Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Analysis on the Companies The key performance indicator (KPI) analysis of investor performance is measured to study the effectiveness of the organization against its objectives. However, choosing correct investor performance indicator is very essential for the organization as it is need to transfer business objectives to measured goals (Barth 2015). The organization is examined on the efficiency of each department for example; IPI useful for finance would be different from IPI useful for the sales department (Mahajan, Naurial and Singh 2014). These assessments very often tend to identify the potential improvements. Hence, performance indicators are often associated with initiatives forrevenue, cost and conversions (Krause and Arora 2010). The indicators that constitute important for investors to evaluate performance are given as: KPIs Formula Debt/Equity Ratio Total Liabilities/ Shareholder's Equity Current Ratio Current Assets/ Current Liabilities E.P.S (Earnings Per Share) Net Income- Preferred Dividends/Weighted Average Share Common Outstanding Shares Dividend Yield Annual Dividends per share/ Price per share Table 4 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) AstraZeneca Plc The KPIs of AstraZeneca is essentially based on the reputation and government objectives involved in the key areas. The global quality team of this company is one of the largest company based on quality performance. However, the company ensures trends that are data driven as well as designs and delivers a powerful application on each manufacturing site (Baguley and Winter 2012). The company globally has achieved success because evaluating on KPIs factors and the performance can be shown with the help of ratios. KPIs 2014 2013 2012 2011 Debt/Equity Ratio 1.982541 1.403948 1.235613 1.2507669 Current Ratio 0.963474 1.266899 1.370064 1.492255 E.P.S 0.988915 2.215593 5.807296 8.8574578 Dividend Yield 8.699705 9.402283 9.625301 9.4117647 Table 5 KPIs of AstraZeneca from 2011 to 2014 Each KPI shows different level of indication in the organization. The leverage ratio shows that the debt in the organization is increasing from 1.25:1 to 1.98:1 in 2011 and 2014 respectively, which is surpassing the favorable debt position which is 1:1 (Bodie 2013). However, depicting that debt is accumulating. The current ratio is showing a falling trend depicting fall in current assets or the issue of not meeting its short-term debt. The two areas where the investor will have maximum attention would be E.P.S and Dividend Yield. The dividend yield of the remains consistent across all years but E.P.S has declined to larger extent constituting only 0.98% in 2014 against 8.85% in 2011. GlaxoSmithKline Plc GSK company is experiencing a shift in its cultural environment whether is relevant to leadership, people, partnership, process, business or customer results. The changes are mainly manifested due to the drive for change experienced by many organizations. However, in order to define the problem of its key indicators, The company has created a strategy for every group whether it is business partners, stakeholders, employees or society. The RD of GSK is creating a vital environment for sustaining competitive advantage (Mehmood 2012). KPIs 2014 2013 2012 2011 Debt/Equity Ratio 6.830429 4.387353 6.138554 4.114542 Current Ratio 1.104024 1.113329 0.991097 1.077082 E.P.S 1.146423 2.25 1.858713 2.092681 Dividend Yield 58.13953 49.68944 54.61255 51.19454 Table 6 KPIs of GlaxoSmithKline from 2011 to 2014 According to the Key Performance Indicators, the companys debt position is at its worst because of the accumulated long-term debt which has been increasing since 2011 and has reached to 6.83:1 in 2014. However, the current position of the company is considerably low depicting though it is able to pay off its short-term but still the debt burden is increasing on the company. However, the E.P.S value is fluctuating amongst the years but the dividend yield based on the share prices has increased due to change in its cultural environment (Ali, Sharif and Jan 2015). Comparison and Contrast of Profitability between the Companies AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc said to be renown competitors are struggling on maintain profitability of the organizations. According to the annual reports of 2011 to 2014 in both the companies, generating profits had been as issue because the debt of the company is accumulating due non-financial company (Dunne 2015). On the other hand, the general profitability position of GSK shows a better trend than AstraZeneca. There was some downward trend also for GSK, but it was balanced by revue generating in the organization that helped in incurring less of operating expenses. However, the other factor that outlines the brief of this problem is the Crestor crunch faced by AstraZeneca which turned out to be expensive but helped in recovery of GSK (Ficenec 2016). According to the profitability, ratios depicted in Figure 1 (a), (b), (c) and (d) a comparison has been made between the companies. Figure 1 (a) Net Profit Margin of AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc Figure 1 (c) Operating Profit Margin of AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc Figure 1 (d) ROA of AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc However, after comparing the data, the investor should invest in GlaxoSmithKline as the profit margins of the company are better than AstraZeneca Plc. Moreover, the company shows a decreasing trend depicting decrease in revenue and sales of the company from 2011 to 2014. Comparison and Contrast of Key Performance Indicators between the Companies The investors performance ratio has been assumed to be dependent on the leverage ratio, liquidity ratio, valuation ratio and profit margin for both the companies (Delen, Kuzey and Uyar 2013). However, when investigated on investor performance debt, earning per share and dividend given to the shareholders gives an idea to the investor regarding the organizations functionality. Nevertheless, both the companies show a high ratio on long-term as well as short-term debt. Thus, the companies had a decreasing rate of return on assets from the period of 2011 to 2014. Hence, the position relating to the investment performance is almost same for both GSK and AstraZeneca. Therefore, the analysis for investors investment wants to deal with debt on the first followed by dividend yield (Damodaran 2012). Conversely, if the debts grow on increasing in accompany, the profitability as well as dividend payout and yield will too get affected. This makes it vital for the management to assess the situatio n and take necessary measures for rectification (Bhattacharyya 2012). According to the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), ratios depicted in Figure 2, 3, 4 and Figure 5, a comparison has been made between the companies. Figure 2 Solvency position of AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc Figure 4 Earnings per share of AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc Figure 5 Dividend Yields of AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc However, after comparing on the key performance indicators current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, EPS and Dividend yield. It can be said that though the GlaxoSmithKline Plcs indicators are declining from 2011 but the company has been showing a consistency. Nevertheless, AstraZeneca Plc has fallen drastically as a result no investor would be interested to invest in the company. Conclusion The assignment can be summarized based on the investment to take place. The profitability and Key Performance Indicators are the basic factors that help the investor to carry out investment practices in the organization. However, the assignment deals with these factors to be assessed on AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc, the two British organizations that are based on profitability Pharmaceutical organizations. The result based on profitability highlighted that the organizations are facing a decreasing trend due to the changes in the current environment. Nevertheless, on profitability factor, the investor will invest in GSK. On the other hand, on KPIs, the investor will invest in AstraZeneca Plc. Recommendations It is highly recommended for the management of both the companies to assess the general pharmaceutical market relating to cultural changes in the environment relating to their sphere of activity and efficiently identifying the reasons for poor market performance. Consequently, changing environment will give investors a warning regarding the investment in the pharmaceutical company. Moreover, both the companies are undervalued and are working flat to return to growth. According to the investment criteria, investment in pharmaceutical sector, especially in these two countries show the traits of classic contrarian value investments. However, it is advised that when one of the companies undertakes RD, then that is the time investor should think of investment. Nevertheless, AstraZeneca Plc and GlaxoSmithKline Plc is trying hard, but as per internal and external factors, AstraZeneca GlaxoSmithKline is performing better and AstraZenecas Competitor is taking the lead. However, Glaxo has 258 products, which are under development and will be marketed by 2020 whereas Astra has 222 new products and expects to be marketed by 2018. Both the companies are in competition and are expected to grow together with a close-knit competition (Hargreaves 2015). The investors are advocated to see other factors as well before investment. References Ali, A., Sharif, I. and Jan, F.A., 2015. 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